Classics
The Wisdom of Giving Chapter Three
Author:
Jian Geyang
The Sutra of Answers to the Questions from Veda Vyasa (《毘耶娑问经》
3rd question: What Is Impure Giving?
第三问：什么是不净布施？
Chapter Three
The Thirty-three Forms of Impure Giving
第三章 三十三种不净布施
Original Sutra
“三十三不淨布施。何等名為三十三耶。一者有人邪心倒見。無淨信心而捨財物。如是施者非淨布施。二者有人。為報恩故而捨財物。則非布施。三者有人。無悲愍心而捨財物。亦非布施。四者有人。因欲心故而捨財物。亦非布施。五者有人。捨物與火亦非布施。六者有人。捨物與水亦非布施。七者有人生如是心。捨物與王望王識念。如是捨物非淨布施。八者有人。以畏賊故捨物與之。如是施者亦非淨施。
又復更有五種捨物。皆非淨施。何等為五。一者施毒非淨布施。二者施刀非淨布施。三者教人取肉而施非淨布施。四者有人。所攝眾生平等施與和集養育望得其力非淨布施。五者有人。為名聞故而捨財物非淨布施。十四有人。為歌戲故。與伎兒物非淨布施。十五有人年終月盡。破散財物非淨布施。十六有人。屋舍因緣而捨財物則非布施。十七有人。善友因緣以他財物。受與餘人非淨布施。十八有人或有田地。或在舍宅。或有穀聚。或有麥聚。鹿鳥所食鼠等所食。無清淨心非淨布施。十九有人。為學作故與工匠物。
如是施者非淨布施。二十有人身有病患。恐命盡故。捨物與醫非淨布施。二十一者若人打他若罵他已心悔生愧。捨物與之非淨布施。二十二者若人施已。心則生疑為有報不。如是施者非淨布施。二十三者若人施已心中悔熱。如是施者非淨布施。二十四者若人捨物與他人已。如是思量。若其有人取我物者。皆悉屬我為我所秉。如是施者非淨布施。二十五者若人施已如是思量。如是施福唯鍾我身不屬他人。如是施者非淨布施。二十六者若人年老捨物而施。又非中年後時病困。死時欲至。脈節欲斷。苦惱所逼欲入死道。無清淨心。無信淨心。閻魔羅使見之生笑。兄弟諸親啼哭悲泣。至如是時捨物而與非淨布施。二十七者若人為名捨物布施。如是我名他國遍聞某國某城大施之主。彼如是施非淨布施。二十八者若與餘人迭相憎嫉。見彼捨物多行布施。見已心慢不能堪忍。以嫉彼故捨物布施。非淨布施。二十九者食他女故。為種姓故。捨珠捨金。若銀金剛。若毘琉璃。繒絹衣裳及兜羅綿。造作敷具。如是捨物非淨布施。三十者有人如是思惟捨物與人。我無兒息大富饒財應當捨物而行布施。如是施者非淨布施。三十一者若復有人心生簡擇。如是念言。若與此人則有福德。若與彼人則無福德。
如是施者非淨布施。三十二者若人布施。捨離貧窮衣裳破壞垢膩之者。與多豐樂大富之人。非淨布施。三十三者若復有人望好花果。捨物而與非淨布施。
大仙當知。此三十三垢染布施。而捨財物彼施報者。如以種子種之醎地爛壞不成。大仙當知。如是之人非不布施不得果報。復次大仙。譬如有人隨何所取得種子已種之荒田。彼種子界地
界相依。須得天雨種子變壞。雖有牙生不得花果。此布施分不得花果亦復如是“
The Third Question: What Is Impure Giving?
第三问：什么是不净布施？
Veda Vyasa then asked:
“What is impure giving?”
The Buddha answered by listing thirty-three forms of giving that are not considered pure.
Giving with a wrong view or impure motive.
Giving merely to repay a favor.
Giving without compassion.
Giving out of personal desire.
Throwing offerings into fire.
Throwing offerings into water.
Giving in order to gain recognition from rulers or powerful people.
Giving out of fear, such as paying off thieves or harmful people.
Giving poison or harmful substances.
Giving weapons.
Giving in a way that encourages killing for meat.
Raising or supporting others with the intention of using their labor later.
Giving for the sake of reputation.
Giving to entertainers merely for personal pleasure.
Giving away possessions only because one is bankrupt or at the end of resources.
Giving away defective or unsuitable houses or property.
Giving away money or possessions that belong to friends or others.
Giving food or grain that has already been spoiled or eaten by animals.
Giving payment to craftsmen or teachers for one's own learning and calling it generosity.
Giving to doctors only out of fear of illness or death.
Giving out of guilt after hurting or insulting someone.
Giving while doubting whether there will be any merit.
Giving and then regretting it afterward.
Giving as if it were a debt, expecting others to return it.
Giving while calculating merit only for oneself.
Giving only at old age, sickness, or near death, without a pure heart or sincere faith.
Giving in order to become famous.
Giving out of jealousy or competition with others.
Giving jewelry, gold, silver, fine cloth, or luxurious gifts out of desire for a woman or marriage alliance.
Giving simply because one has no children and wishes to dispose of wealth.
Giving with discrimination, choosing recipients only according to expected merit.
Giving to the rich while neglecting the poor and those truly in need.
Giving while expecting beautiful flowers, fruits, or rewards in return.
三十三种不净布施
毗耶娑接着请问：
“什么是不净布施？”
佛陀列举了三十三种不清净的布施：
以邪见、错误动机而布施。
为了报恩而布施。
没有悲悯心而布施。
因个人欲望而布施。
将财物投向火中。
将财物投向水中。
为了得到君王或有权势者的赏识而布施。
因畏惧盗贼或恶人而给予财物。
布施毒物或有害之物。
布施刀剑兵器。
以布施的名义促成杀生取肉。
收养或供养他人，只是为了将来役使其劳力。
为了名闻而布施。
因贪爱歌舞娱乐而给予艺人财物。
年终月尽、财物破散时才布施。
将有缺陷或不适宜的房舍财物布施出去。
拿朋友或他人的财物去布施。
将已被鸟兽虫鼠侵食、污染的粮食拿去布施。
支付工匠或老师的费用，却把它称为布施。
因害怕疾病或死亡而给医生财物。
打骂伤害他人之后，因愧疚而给予财物。
布施之后怀疑是否有果报。
布施之后心生后悔。
把布施当作债务，希望对方日后归还。
布施之后只计算自己的功德利益。
年老、病重、临终时，在痛苦逼迫下、无清净心与信心而布施。
为了扬名而布施。
因嫉妒、攀比他人而布施。
因贪恋女子或婚姻关系而赠送金银珠宝、衣物卧具等。
因无子嗣而把财物布施出去。
以分别心选择受施者，认为布施给某些人才有功德。
不帮助贫穷困苦之人，反而只布施给富有安乐之人。
希望得到美好的花果回报而布施。
「大仙當知。此三十三垢染布施。而捨財物彼施報者。如以種子種之鹹地。爛壞不成。」
The Buddha continued:
"Great Sage, you should understand that these thirty-three forms of impure giving are like seeds sown in salty soil. Although the seeds are planted, they decay and cannot grow to maturity."
佛陀继续说道：
“大仙，你应当知道，这三十三种染污布施，就如同把种子播撒在盐碱地里。虽然播下了种子，却腐烂败坏，不能生长成熟。”
「大仙當知。如是之人。非不布施不得果報。復次大仙。譬如有人隨何所得種子已種之荒田。彼種子界地界相依。須得天雨種子變壞。雖有芽生不得花果。此布施分不得花果亦復如是。」
The Buddha further explained:
"Great Sage, this does not mean that such people receive no result from their giving. It is like sowing seeds in barren ground. Nourished by the soil and rain, the seeds may sprout, yet they never blossom or bear fruit. In the same way, impure giving may produce some result, but it cannot bear complete and perfect fruit."
佛陀进一步解释说：
“大仙，应当知道，这并不是说这样布施的人完全没有果报。就像有人把种子播种在贫瘠的土地上，虽然依靠土地，又得到雨水滋润，也可能发芽，却不能开花结果。不净布施也是如此，虽然仍有果报，却不能成就圆满的功德。”